O objetivo do trabalho foi conhecer as espécies de tripes (Thysanoptera) que atacam pomares de mangueira no semiárido pernambucano. Foram realizadas coletas no período de um ano, em três plantios comerciais da cv. 'Tommy Atkins'. Avaliações semanais foram realizadas em 75 plantas, nos estádios vegetativo e reprodutivo, perfazendo um total de 10.704 amostras em folhas e 390 em panículas. Os espécimes coletados foram levados ao laboratório da Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, para triagem dos adultos em microscópio estereoscópico e, posteriormente, enviados à Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, para identificação. As espécies Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton e Frankliniella Brevicaulis Hood, pertencentes à família Thripidae, representaram, respectivamente, 77% e 23% do total dos tripes coletados. Este estudo relata a primeira ocorrência dessas duas espécies em associação à cultura da mangueira, no Brasil.

The goal of this study was to survey the thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna that attack mango trees in the "semiárido" of Pernambuco. During one year, three commercial orchards of the 'Tommy Atkins' variety were visited. Weekly evaluations were carried out in 75 plants in the vegetative and reproductive stages, totaling 10.704 leaf samples and 390 panicle samples. The adult specimens were sorted using stereomicroscope at the Embrapa Semiárido lab, Petrolina, PE, and sent to the Lavras Federal University, MG, for identification. The species Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton and Frankliniella Brevicaulis Hood, family Thripidae, represented 77% and 23% of all collected thrips, respectively. This is the first report of these two species occurring in association with mango trees in Brazil.

Este é o primeiro relato do parasitoide Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) como agente de controle biológico do pulgão Aphis gossypii Glover na cultura da melancia, na região do Vale do Açu, Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Observou-se que próximo da colheita quase todos os pulgões coletados encontravam-se mumificados e, na análise dos parasitoides emergidos, constatou-se o parasitismo por L. testaceipes. Essa espécie, portanto, poderá ser incluída em um programa de manejo integrado de A. gossypii futuramente.

This is the first report of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) as a biological control agent of the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in watermelon crop in Vale do Açu, RN. It was observed that near the harvest, almost all collected aphids were mummified, and after analyzing the emerged parasitoids, the parasitoid L. testaceipes was identified. Therefore, in the future, this species may be included in A. gossypii integrated management programs.

A cebola é a terceira hortaliça mais cultivada em São Paulo, cujo cultivo orgânico tende a crescer devido ao grande mercado consumidor existente. O manejo das pragas na cebolicultura orgânica baseia-se nos extratos de plantas inseticidas que, além de terem eficiência não comprovada, podem afetar negativamente os inimigos naturais. A utilização de plantas atrativas a inimigos naturais no entorno dos cultivos de cebola pode ser uma boa opção para os produtores, pois potencialmente aumentam a diversidade da artropodofauna e podem regular naturalmente as populações de espécies pragas. Verificou-se o efeito de linhas de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes erecta L.) como cultura atrativa a inimigos naturais em campos de cebola. O experimento foi realizado em propriedade orgânica certificada, instalando-se linhas de cravo-de-defunto nas bordaduras de dois campos de cebola. Os tratamentos foram definidos coletando-se amostras nas plantas de cebola próximas às linhas da atrativa (5m) e distante das linhas (30 m). De maneira geral, observou-se maior quantidade de artrópodes fitófagos nas plantas de cebola longe da faixa atrativa e, inversamente, maior quantidade de inimigos naturais próximos à faixa. A riqueza de espécies também foi maior nas coletas próximas, o mesmo valendo para o índice de diversidade de Shannon. Portanto, a manutenção de linhas de cravo-de-defunto próximas ao cultivo de cebola promoveu maior riqueza e diversidade de artrópodes, bem como maior número de entomófagos, resultando em menor presença de fitófagos nas plantas, auxiliando na regulação natural das pragas da cultura.

Onion is the third most grown vegetable crop in São Paulo state, Brazil. Organic onion farming is expected to increase in the state due to the increasing demand. Pest management in organic onion farming is based on plant extracts with insecticide effects. However, the efficacy of such plant extracts has not been proved yet, and it was observed that they do negatively affect natural enemies. Plants surrounding onion fields, and that are attractive to natural enemies, may be a good option to farmers, since they may lead to increased diversity of arthropod species and, consequently, the natural control of pest populations. This study deals with the effect of marigold plants as a resource plant to natural enemies in onion fields. The experiment was set in a certified organic farm using marigold rows at a center of an onion field. Samples were taken from marigold and the onion plants 5 m (near) and 30 m (far) from the flowering strips. Higher numbers of arthropod pests were observed in onion plants 30 m from the marigold strip, while higher numbers of predators and parasitoids were found at 5 m distance. Species richness and Shannon's diversity index were higher at 5 m from marigold. Therefore, marigold rows next to onion fields resulted in higher number of entomophagous species, potentially enhancing the natural control of onion pests. In the study field, marigold strips may be an alternative to crop sprays for organic control of onion pests.

Foi avaliada a atratividade de Tagetes patula L. (cravo-de-defunto) sobre tripes (Thysanoptera) em cultivo protegido de melão. Foram estudadas a abundância, dominância, frequência e constância de espécies de tripes, utilizando-se análise faunística, análise de agrupamento (AA) e análise de componentes principais (ACP). Nas extremidades das estufas com cultivo de melão foram plantadas faixas de cravo-de-defunto. Os insetos foram amostrados batendo-se três ponteiros das plantas de melão e todas as plantas inteiras de cravo-de-defunto (1 m²) em bandejas brancas. Os pontos de coleta foram: T. patula, melão consorciado com cravo-de-defunto e melão nas distâncias de 6 m, 12 m, 18 m e 24 m do cravo-de-defunto. Foram encontradas 11 espécies de tripes nas plantas de melão e cravo-de-defunto: Neohydatothrips sp., Frankliniella sp. 1, Frankliniella sp. 2, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Scirtothrips sp., Caliothrips sp., Microcephalothrips sp., Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford), Arorathrips sp., Ceratothripoides sp. e Haplothrips sp. As espécies Neohydatothrips sp., Frankliniella sp. 1, F. schultzei e Caliothrips sp. foram dominantes. Estas foram utilizadas para determinar a atratividade do cravo-de-defunto. As análises demonstraram a existência de três grupos diferenciados: (1) cravo-de-defunto; (2) melão consorciado com T. patula e (3) melão nas distâncias de 6 m, 12 m, 18 m e 24 m do cravo-de-defunto. Por meio das AA e ACP foi possível verificar diferenças na abundância entre os pontos de coleta, mostrando a atratividade de T. patula sobre os tripes. Concluiu-se que o cravo-de-defunto pode ser utilizado como planta atrativa na cultura de melão para várias espécies de tripes.

The attractiveness of Tagetes patula L. (marigold) to thrips (Thysanoptera) in greenhoused melon was evaluated. Abundance, dominance, frequency, and constancy of thrips species were studied by using faunistic analysis, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Marigold was planted only at the edge of the greenhouses. Insect sampling on melon plants was taken by shaking three vine growing ends on a white tray whereas similar procedure was used for sampling marigold but shaking all plants of 1 m². Samplings points where on T. patula edge, on melon planted along with marigold, and on melon planted at 6m, 12m, 18m, and 24m from marigold edge. Eleven thrips species were found on both melon and marigold plants: Neohydatothrips sp., Frankliniella sp. 1, Frankliniella sp. 2, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Scirtothrips sp., Caliothrips sp., Microcephalothrips sp., Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford), Arorathrips sp., Ceratothripoides sp., and Haplothrips sp. The dominant species were: Neohydatothrips sp., Frankliniella sp. 1, F. schultzei, and Caliothrips sp. Analyses of the dominant species indicate three different groups according to abundance: (1) marigold, (2) melon along with T. patula, and (3) melon at 6m, 12m, 18m, and 24m from marigold. Significant differences among sampling sites were verified by using CA and PCA. Therefore, T. patula is attractive to thrips and may be used as trap crop in melon cultivation for several thrips species.

O gênero Orius Wolff é composto por espécies de percevejos predadores, principalmente de tripes, encontradas em muitos ecossistemas naturais e manejados. Entretanto, as interações que podem ocorrer entre esses predadores e suas presas no mesmo "habitat" não são bem conhecidas entre as espécies das regiões tropicais. Este estudo teve como objetivo registrar a interação de espécies de Orius e de tripes coletadas na mesma planta, ou seja, presentes no mesmo "habitat". As coletas foram feitas em várias plantas cultivadas, no campo e em casas de vegetação e em plantas invasoras. A forma e o grau de associação entre as espécies foram determinados, utilizando-se o coeficiente de Spearman (R), calculado com dados de presença/ausência das espécies (Orius e tripes) no mesmo "habitat". Orius insidiosus (Say) foi encontrado associado positivamente aos tripes Frankliniella sp., Neohydatothrips sp. e Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) e negativamente associado a Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood). Orius thyestes Herring e Orius sp1 ocorreram simultaneamente em 10 espécies de tripes sem, contudo, apresentar associação significativa, enquanto Orius perpunctatus (Reuter) esteve associado positivamente às espécies Frankliniella sp. e Neohydatothrips sp. e, negativamente, a Frankliniella gemina (Moulton).

The genus Orius Wolff comprise species that are mostly thrip predators , in natural and managed ecosystems. Interactions between Orius species and its preys in the same habitat in tropical areas are not well known. The objective of this research was to record the interactions between Orius and thrips species present in the same habitat. Sampling on crops and weeds were conducted in the field and greenhouse conditions. The association level between Orius and thrips species was evaluated by Spearman coefficient (R) (presence/absence of the species in the same habitat). Orius insidiosus (Say) was found positively associated with Frankliniella sp., Neohydatothrips sp. and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin), and negatively associated with Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) and Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood). Orius thyestes Herring and Orius sp1 coexist with 10 thrips species, but no significant association was found between those predators and thrips species. Orius perpunctatus (Reuter) was found positively associated with Frankliniella sp. and Neohydatothrips sp., and negatively associated with Frankliniella gemina (Moulton).

The minute pirate bugs, Orius spp., are known as predators on several pests as thrips, aphids, spider mites and whiteflies. Orius insidiosus is an important thrips predator, commercially used around the world. However, one of the main problems on biological control of thrips in temperate regions is the occurrence of reproductive diapause in Orius species. This characteristic promotes the interruption of biological control strategies when predators are exposed to short photoperiods. This research had as objective to evaluate the influence of different photoperiod conditions on eggs/nymphs and adults of O. insidiosus in laboratory. The trials were carried out through the combination of eggs/nymphs and adults reared under the photoperiods 10L:14D; 11L:13D; 12L:12D and 13L:11D, at 25±2ºC and 70±10% RH. The predators were maintained during their pre-imaginal development time under one of the photoperiods and, after being emerged as adults transferred to another photoperiod regime. The predator had a tendency to present longer development time under photoperiod 13L:11D. There was no influence of the different photoperiods conditions on the reproduction of O. insidiosus. The females laid eggs normally during all their lifetime. O. insidiosus is not sensitive to photoperiod evaluated and do not enter in reproductive diapause.

The genus Orius Wolff, 1811 comprises predatory species, with approximately 70 known species. Informations about the genus in Brazil are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to identify Orius species present in four localities in the southeastern Brazil. Samples were taken from several plants, and the material screened in laboratory. The genitalia of both sexes were studied and illustrated. Two species were identified, Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) and Orius thyestes Herring, 1966. O. insidiosus, the most common species, was collected in all of the localities sampled [Lavras (MG), Holambra, Pindorama and Campinas (SP)]. O. thyestes, registered for the first time in Brazil, occurred only in Lavras (MG) and Pindorama (SP). Some morphologic aspects of these two species are also presented.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar as espécies de Orius associadas a plantas cultivadas e invasoras presentes em uma localidade de Minas Gerais e três de São Paulo, nos anos de 1999 e 2000. As coletas foram realizadas através de batidas das plantas no interior de sacos plásticos para desalojar os insetos. Posteriormente, as espécies foram separadas em laboratório. O predador Orius insidiosus (Say) foi coletado nas culturas de milho (Zea mays L.), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.), sorgo (Sorghum spp.), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), alfafa (Medicago sativa L.), soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], crisântemo (Chrysanthemum spp.), tango (Solidago canadensis L.) e cartamus (Carthamus tinctorius L.) e nas plantas invasoras picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.), caruru (Amaranthus sp.), losna-branca (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) e apaga-fogo (Alternanthera ficoidea L.). Orius thyestes Herring foi encontrado nas plantas invasoras picão-preto, caruru e apaga-fogo. Orius perpunctatus (Reuter) e Orius sp. foram coletados principalmente nas plantas invasoras picão-preto, caruru e apaga-fogo e no milho. Constatou-se que muitas dessas plantas são reservatórios naturais para esses predadores, em termos de habitat, abrigo, presas e pólen.

The aim of this research was to record the Orius species present on some crops and weeds in areas located in the southeast region in Brazil, during 1999 and 2000. The insect collections were made through the tapping method to dislodge the insects from the plant into a plastic bag. The identifications of the specimens was done in the laboratory. Orius insidiosus (Say) was collected on the following crops: corn (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.), tango (Solidago canadensis L.) and carthamus (Carthamus tinctorius L.). On weeds, O. insidiosus was found on farmer's friend (Bidens pilosa L.), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) and Joseph's coat (Alternanthera ficoidea L.). Orius thyestes Herring was found on weed plants farmer's friend, amaranth and Joseph's coat. Orius perpunctatus (Reuter) and Orius sp. were collected mainly on weed plants (farmer's friend, amaranth and Joseph's coat) and corn. Many of these plants are natural hosts for these predators, providing refuge, prey and pollen.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a não-preferência para alimentação de lagartas de 1o e de 5o ínstares, de Spodoptera frugiperda, em quatro genótipos de milho: IAC701 N, 'IAC7777', Mp707 e Zapalote Chico (ZC). Os ensaios foram realizados em arenas, com livre chance de escolha pelas lagartas, por 24 horas. Com lagartas recém-eclodidas, 1o ínstar, observou-se não-preferência ao ZC e Mp707, nos quais se encontraram apenas 20% das lagartas, em comparação com IAC701 N e 'IAC7777', onde se concentraram 80% delas. No teste com lagartas de 5o ínstar, o consumo das seções foliares foi cerca de duas vezes maior em `IAC701 N, se comparado a `ZC' e `Mp707'. Concluiu-se que a antixenose ou não-preferência é um dos mecanismos de resistência encontrados em ZC e Mp707, materiais estrangeiros que confirmam, nas condições de Campinas, suas características de resistência.

The effect of corn genotypes upon food preferences of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae was evaluated. The genotypes selected were: IAC701 N, an inbred line of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), State of São Paulo, Brazil; 'IAC7777', a single hybrid of IAC in which the above inbred line is one of the parents; Mp707, an inbred line of Mississippi State University considered to be resistant to S. frugiperda; and Zapalote Chico (ZC), a Central American corn race referred as resistant to Helicoverpa zea and S. frugiperda. The tests were run in arenas with free choice among treatments. The test with 1st instar larvae indicated that the insects preferred to feed on the genotypes IAC701 N and IAC7777, and a lower percentage of larvae stablished on the leaves of ZC and Mp707. The test with 5th instar larvae indicated a non-preference of the larvae for the leaves of genotypes Mp707 and ZC while IAC701 N was the most preferred with more leaf area consumed. The non-preference for feeding tests leaded to the conclusion that this type of resistance is present in ZC and Mp707. These results confirm previous data in the literature.